Antibiogram and Heavy Metal Tolerance Patterns of Pseudomonas Isolates Collected from Imus River Watershed in Cavite, Philippines
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Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the species of Pseudomonas present in the
Imus River Wateshed and determine the antibiotic resistance and metal tolerance patterns of
Pseudomonas isolates. Water samples were collected from five stations, namely: Balite Bridge
(Station 1), Dasmariñas Bridge (Station 2), Palanan Bridge (Station 3), Imus Toll Bridge
(Station 4) and Island Cove Bridge (Station 5). The highest total plate count and Pseudomonas
count was obtained in Dasmariñas Bridge Station (1.40 x 108 and 9.65 x 107), followed by
Palanan Bridge Station (1.92 x 105 and 9.7 x 103), Island Cove Balite Bridge Station (1.64 x
104 and4.4 x 102), Bridge Station (1 x 104 and 3.4 x 102) and Imus Toll Bridge Station (5.2 x
103 and 4.01 x 103). The Pseudomonas isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa and P.
stutzeri. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all isolates were found resistant to
ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin and erythromycin, and susceptible to streptomycin,
ofloxacin, doxycycline and tetracycline. All P. stutzeri showed resistance to clindamycin
compared to 77.89% of P. aeruginosa isolates. Twenty-one (22.11%) and 74 (77.89%) isolates
of P. aeruginosa exhibited tetra- and penta-drug resistance, respectively while P. stutzeri
isolates exhibited penta-drug resistance. Majority of Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to
400 ppm concentration of heavy metals with exception of mercury and cobalt. They were
found tolerant to 800 ppm concentration of zinc and arsenic. Penta- and hexa-tolerance of
isolates were observed at 400 ppm concentration of heavy metals while bi- and tri-tolerance
were recorded on 800 ppm concentration of heavy metals.
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