Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT)

IMPERSONATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE MISCONDUCT AT THE ELECTION COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN

2025-09-17T06:33:49+00:00

This study investigates the abuse of power and institutional vulnerability within Pakistan’s electoral system by analyzing the case of Mr. Karan Kumar, a private citizen summoned by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) despite not being a registered candidate. After complying with the summons, Mr. Kumar faced misconduct by ECP officials, including verbal abuse and procedural manipulation by a Deputy Director, with no meaningful inquiry conducted despite tribunal direction. Although a legal petition was filed, the summons remained unrevoked, and harassment reportedly escalated through informal and extrajudicial means.

Methodologically, the paper draws on document analysis, comparative reviews of election oversight mechanisms in the UK and India, interviews with legal experts and civil society members, and prior academic literature. The findings expose a troubling pattern of bureaucratic impunity, overreach, and institutional failure within the ECP, consistent with earlier critiques of Pakistan’s administrative bodies raised in Siddiqui’s publications, including “Public Funds, Private Gains” (2022) [https://doi.org/10.61841/2s3kmv78], “Who Judges the Judges?” (2019) [https://doi.org/10.61841/txq2w096], and “Unlicensed Medical Practice and Institutional Silence” (2024) [https://cibgp.com/au/index.php/1323-6903/article/view/2876]. These works collectively reflect a broader scholarly trend in Siddiqui’s research, which critiques systemic weaknesses in public sector accountability and regulatory enforcement.

By extending the analytical scope to Pakistan’s electoral machinery, this paper identifies urgent accountability gaps, including lack of internal oversight, politicized appointments, and procedural opacity. Drawing on civic engagement theory and administrative law frameworks, the research recommends seven core reforms: nullification of the unconstitutional summons; an independent inquiry against the responsible officer; standardized conduct and grievance procedures for ECP officials; integration of public complaint systems; mandatory training in ethics and electoral integrity; digital grievance tracking; and amendment of the Elections Act of Pakistan to restrain unchecked administrative discretion.

This paper builds on the author’s prior publications such as “Liberalism in South Asia” [https://cibgp.com/au/index.php/1323-6903/article/view/2870], and the cross-jurisdictional critiques in “Surveillance Overreach and Judicial Apathy in Global Drone Policy” [Russian Law Journal, https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v9i2.4997], and “Constitutional Vulnerability in the Age of Digital Surveillance” [CRLSJ, https://doi.org/10.52783/crlsj.449], which address the fragility of state institutions in safeguarding citizens’ rights.

Ultimately, this research asserts that without transparency, rule-based enforcement, and civic accountability, democratic institutions in Pakistan risk functioning as instruments of coercion rather than justice. The paper calls for structural reforms that realign the ECP with constitutional principles and democratic norms.

Security and Privacy Challenges in IOT: A Global Perspective

2025-09-17T06:10:27+00:00

The fast development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has delivered various open doors and advantages across different businesses. Nevertheless, this interconnected biological system of gadgets likewise presents critical security and protection moves that should be tended to on a worldwide scale. This paper looks at the security and protection challenges looked at by IoT frameworks according to a worldwide point of view. Security chances are one more huge worry in the IoT scene. The assortment, stockpiling, and handling of individual information by IoT gadgets bring up issues about individual security privileges. Unapproved admittance to this information can bring about private profiling, reconnaissance, and abuse. Executing securitysaving systems like information anonymization, encryption, and client-driven control is fundamental to protecting security in IoT conditions. Administrative systems and guidelines likewise assume a critical part in tending to IoT security and protection challenges. Guidelines like the Overall Information Assurance Guideline (GDPR) in the European Association assist with implementing information security measures and defending client privileges. Be that as it may, variations in guidelines across locales can introduce difficulties for worldwide IoT arrangements. Fitting guidelines and structures can advance consistency and work with worldwide participation. The paper likewise investigates the capability of arising advances in upgrading IoT security and protection. Advancements, for example, block chain, edge registering, and united learning offer promising arrangements. Block chain’s decentralized and alter safe nature can give secure information stockpiling and exchange the executives. Edge registering decreases dormancy and information openness by handling information nearer to the source. Combined learning empowers cooperative model preparation while protecting information security. Coordinating these innovations into IoT frameworks can add to a safer and protection-mindful worldwide IoT biological system.

EYES IN THE SKY: STRENGTHENING PUBLIC AWARENESS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE TO DRONE-DRIVEN INFRINGEMENTS ON PRIVACY RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES

2025-09-17T06:32:41+00:00

The rapid proliferation of drones in the United States has created urgent challenges concerning individual privacy, institutional readiness, and legal enforcement. While drones serve diverse functions, their use in surveilling private spaces without consent has exposed significant regulatory gaps in both federal and local legal frameworks. This research investigates these gaps by analyzing a real-life case from Silicon Valley, where a civilian encountered a drone hovering above their private residence and was unable to obtain meaningful assistance from law enforcement.Drawing on recent scholarship, including Siddiqui and Muniza’s “Regulatory Gaps in Drone Surveillance” [Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 2025] and “The Drone’s Gaze: Religious Perspectives on Privacy and Human Dignity” [Al-Qamar, 2024], this paper reveals how current laws fail to protect against aerial intrusions, especially in residential zones. The findings are further contextualized within broader institutional weaknesses, as previously identified in “Public Funds, Private Gains” [JARSSH, 2022] and “Hybrid Warfare and the Global Threat of Data Surveillance” [PSSR, 2025].Moreover, the paper critiques recent legislative efforts, such as the U.S. Countering CCP Drones Act (H.R.2864), through the lens of Siddiqui and Muniza’s (2025) analysis published in the Social Sciences & Humanity Research Review, and assesses their ineffectiveness against AIpowered foreign-manufactured surveillance drones. Philosophical and constitutional dimensions are explored through works like “Liberalism in South Asia” [CIBGP, 2008], and “Constitutional Vulnerability in the Age of Digital Surveillance” [CRLSJ, 2025]

The research proposes a three-pronged regulatory framework:

1. Modernization of legal statutes to close regulatory and constitutional loopholes;

2. Institutional upskilling through integrated AI-based geofencing and centralized FAADHS-local reporting platforms;

3. Public empowerment via education, civic engagement, and participatory complaint channels.

The paper concludes that safeguarding privacy and national security in the drone era requires an interdisciplinary approach—bridging law, technology, ethics, and public participation. Only through such coordinated efforts can drone innovation be directed toward public benefit without compromising civil liberties.

A STUDY ON THE EMOTIONAL TRIGGERS OF TEACHERS IN TRAINING: MATHEMATICAL REDEMPTION

2025-09-17T06:09:33+00:00

This article presents an exploratory study on the affective experiences of future teachers. It examines a population of primary school students who recount past negative emotions related to mathematics and either continue to experience negative emotions about teaching mathematics (absence of mathematical redemption) or develop positive emotions about teaching mathematics (mathematical redemption). The research aimed to identify the triggering situations that influence the desire for mathematical redemption, either fostering or hindering it. In this study, future teachers' responses to the Teachers’ Attitude Toward Mathematics and Its Teaching (TAMT) test were analyzed using the Theory of Cognitive Structure of Emotions (OCC Theory). The study first identified the presence or absence of mathematical redemption and then explored causal connections between triggering situations and the desire for mathematical redemption.

Character Types in the Tales of the Four Seasons

2025-09-20T16:17:54+00:00

The Four Seasons Tales, published in 2024, are a rich source for exploring character types that reflect the impact of seasonal changes on human behavior. This study seeks to analyze and classify the character types within these tales, presenting a new model based on the interaction between nature and the psychological characteristics of individuals. The research focuses on how the four seasons shape the nature and roles of characters, and the extent to which they align with psychological traits known in personality science. This article examines character types in Muhammad Jibril's novel *The Four Seasons*, by analyzing the main character (the translator) as a rounded and complex model, embodying an internal struggle between a tired body and a reflective consciousness, oscillating between nostalgia and withdrawal. The article also highlights the role of secondary characters, who are used to perform framing functions without narrative shifts. They contribute to highlighting feelings of loneliness and aging, shaping the overall psychological climate in a style that does not sink into directness or declarativeness. The research uses literary and psychological analysis to study characters in selected tales, drawing on theories of literary psychology, such as Jung's theory of psychological archetypes, as well as studies that address the relationship between seasons and psychological changes in humans. The research relies on an analysis of literary models from different cultures to clarify how characters interact with their environment and the impact this has on their psychological and social development. The study highlights the importance of these archetypes in shaping the dramatic plot and the dynamics of interaction between characters, opening new horizons for studying the influence of nature on human behavior in narrative literature. The study also presents a new insight that can be applied to other studies to understand character archetypes in world literature, enhancing the literary and psychological analysis of folk tales in multiple cultural contexts. The research highlights the importance of classifications in understanding characters within modern novels.

Enhancing Portfolio Diversification: Linguistic Fuzzy and Absolute Difference Approaches to Stock Assignment for Varied Investor Risk Profiles

2025-10-03T08:18:10+00:00

Matching stocks to investors based on their risk preferences, like "high suitability" or "moderate risk," can be tricky in portfolio management. This study explores two new methods—the Linguistic Fuzzy Assignment Method (LFAM) and the Absolute Difference Calculation Algorithm (ADCA)—to improve how stocks are assigned across large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap groups. Using a 6x6 cost matrix built from fuzzy linguistic ratings, these methods pair six stocks with six investors, each with distinct risk preferences. Both approaches produce the same optimal stock assignments, achieving a low total unsuitability score of 2.3875, which shows effective portfolio diversification. These results highlight the methods' ability to handle uncertainty, providing useful insights for financial advisors.

MATLAB simulations further confirm the solutions' reliability, indicating potential for use in fluctuating markets.