MAC Layer Communication Protocol design using Stochastic Network Calculusfor Underwater Agriculture Farming

: The hazardous in seawater network, channel utilization, and MAC layer protocol design induces the research challenges and opportunities of underwater acoustic communications, particularly in terms of throughput and transmission delay. In this research work, we propose the delay-tolerant MAC protocol with collision avoidance. Under_Water Medium Access control and Collision Avoidance -Wireless protocol (UWMACA-W) proposed for underwater Agriculture Farming. This research work also has compared the performance of the UWMACA-Wireless protocol with and without SNC. The growth of the plants inside the bubble can be exchanged to the base station by using the UWMACA-wireless protocol and also increases interface efficiency by taking account of the underwater acoustic channel's long delay time, as well as fixing the issues related to uncovered terminal issues. UWMACA-W method has higher performance than MACA-Wireless protocol, according to simulation testing on Riverbed modeler.


Fig 1.b. plants growth inside the underwater form
An acoustic channel communication between the nods and the base station is affected by the variety of acoustic channels. The short distance communication can be received by the transceivers. Since the growth of the underwater system is not automated [3]. The MAC protocols need to test with underwater forming. This paper deals with wireless underwater MAC protocol to measure and indicates the growth rate of the crops inside the bubbles to the outside station. Wireless underwater MAC protocols dealing with acoustic channel allocation and collision issues [4]. The lowered acoustic channel is difficult to receive the data due to crippling, multipath concealing, and time comparing ascribes [5]. The acoustic spread is often smaller than the radio channel, creating uncertainty [6] [15]. The transmission speed of acoustic signals in the seabed is around 1500m/s, which is below the range of radio propagating waves. Furthermore, because of the restricted space available in submerged channels, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is not ideal for submerged communications [7] [18]. Collision avoidance protocols are expected to minimize re-transmissions and save resources that are battery-powered. These unfavorable properties make it difficult to design effective and efficient communication protocols [8].
In recent years, several MAC protocols have been invented and updatedatthe simulation level. Since there is no proper collision [11] [12] [13] avoidance method is encounter stochastically in the ALOHA or MACA (Collision Avoidance). A device can automatically relay a payload if it has something to transmit. Whereas the network's loading is heavy, the channel's performance degrades exponentially owing to the unavailability of any collision avoidance system [9] [14].To minimize packet losses, CSMA allows nodes to listen/sense the channel, and it solves the issue of unseen and exposed terminals. Later Wireless-medium access collision avoidance interprocess communication protocols [10] are presented to overcome the CSMA issue, but they fail spectacularly when implemented underwater.At this moment, propose a UWMACA (Underwater Wireless MAC Collision Avoidance) withStochastic Network Calculus (SNC) based strategy for QoS examination. To make a model, we develop a Stochastic Curve model for Gilbert-Elliot Channel and separate the traffic passing on limit concerning a given confirmation at the stream level.
To enhance the efficiency of traditional hand-shacking, the UWMACA protocol with Stochastic Network [16] Calculus is invented to reduce the collision rate and increase the successful communication between the underwater farming bubbles to base Sink [17]. The rest of the investigation article is figured out as follows. Fragment II shows the Analysis and working of UWMACA. Portion III explains the stochastic network calculus setup with obscuring channel. Section IV focuses on the simulation results of the proposed scheme of UWMACA. Section V concludes the investigation.

ANALYSIS OF MACA AND WORKING OF UWMACA-WIRELESS PROTOCOLS A. Analysis of MACA-Wireless protocol
The wireless protocol MACA follows the R-C-D-A mechanism [R-RTS, C-CTS, D-Data, and A-ACK] to interchanges the data between the nodes. The RTS and CTS messages will help the node to avoid the collision occurrences between two intended devices. Node B willing to communicate with node A. Node B exchanges RTS messages to node A. But the same RTScan view by nearest node D and understand the communication occurrences [19]. Node D will go to waiting mode until the reception of the communication termination message. Node A sends a CTS message when the node is free. The CTS message can be viewed by nearest node C. node C will enter to waiting mode until the completion of communication between A and B. once the CTS message is received from node A, the data exchange will happen. For every successful data exchange the ACK will be shared by node A.Underwater channel has the less busy time due to long propagation delay, which means that most of the time the channel will be idle [20]. Ti denotes the total amount of time for entire communication starts from RTS to ACK. The total communication time is expressed as, Where P(rts),P(cts),P(data),and P (ack) denotes the packet size of the R-C-D-A mechanism. Di represents the Distance between the nodes, R(rate) denotes the data rate between nodes. Here for simulation, we have considered an equal rate for both nodes. S denotes the speed of the acoustic wave.The busy time Bt of the channel evaluates as, The ratio of busy duration ρ is denoted as, The typical example for MACAwireless protocol, let P(rts),P(cts),P(data),and P (ack)hasan equal length of a packet. (Ex. 100 bits), P(data) =1024 B, Di=2000 meter, R(rate) =1000b/s, Speed S=1500m/s. substituting the values in (1), (2), and (3), it yields Ti≃6692 s,B_t=1.3215s,ρ≃19.91%. Hence B_t<Ti. It means that channel will be idle for the maximum amount of time. So MACA-wireless protocol is insufficient for the underwater environment. If the distance is increased between nodes. Another disadvantage is propagation delay will be less because it interleaved with the busy time.

B. Working principle of UWMACA-Wireless protocol
MACA-wireless protocol yields B_t<Ti. The channel utilization is very less and propagation delay interfered with the busy time. To overcome these issues, UMACA-wireless protocol giving much more attention to every packet that extracts the information of the sender, receiver, and busy state of neighbors during R-C-D-A.

Figure 3. Information exchange using R-C-D-A in UWMACA-wireless protocol
According to the UMACA -Wireless protocol, every node shall listen to the connection and listen closely to every other package it gets to know, then collect details about both the nodes, as well as the active timeframes of strangers.UMACA -Wireless protocol utilize the channel's network latency time, allowing nodes to communicate with many other peers during the R-C-D-A exchange era. Crashes will never happen when active intervals of multiple nodes aren't overlapping at one another. Figure 3, illustrates the R-C-D-A messages in a three-way. A is conversing to B, and C will send messages to A through inter-leaving their active intervals TC and TA mostly during communication time of A and B. Likewise, B will send information to A and D in the same exchange time provided the active intervals TD and TB do not overlap.
The active periods are split into 2 parts, TB1 & TB2. TB1 is the time it takes from the start T1 and receiving the CTS to the final time T2 of transmitting data. TB2 has to be the time T3 required from the start of collecting ACK to the final time T4 of acquiring ACK.The transmission time can be computed as illustrated in Figure 3.

SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE BOUNDS
The main intention of our work is to simulate the UWMACA-W and MACA-W protocols to investigate the throughput and delays. The node is deployed in every underwater bubble. Similarly, every bubble node can exchange the data and exchange the data to the base station (like mesh topology).
The communication distance used for simulation is 1000m, 1500m, and 2000 meters between nodes and base station. The simulation work was done at the reverbed simulator. All nodes can make half-duplex and receiving signals from or transmitting in all directions with each other. The fixed transmission rate is 1000b/s. The other simulation setup parameters are discussed in Table 1. A simulation arrangement for investigating the MAC layer with fading effects inan underwater acoustic network is deployed using nodes along with requirements. Fig. 4 shows the simulation node setup in the reverbed simulation atmosphere with fourteen nodes. The two halfway hand-off hubs screen the information appearance rate and the administration rate among the hubs. Reverbed is a medium that a matter of course strengthens remote acoustic signal correspondence. For each pair of communication and channels, the remote transmission preparation can be portrayed by a progrescsion of sub-transmission blocks. The Figure 5. Shows the performance of UWMACA-Wireless protocol is better than MACA-Wireless Protocol. Here UWMACA-W achieved better throughput than the MACA-W. The main advantage of UWMACA-W is utilizing the ide time due to the propagation delay. Figure 6. Describe the average delay variations between UWMACA-Wireless protocol and MACA-Wireless Protocol. Here UWMACA-Wireless protocol has better performances than the MACA-Wireless protocol because the UWMACA-W utilizing the propagation delay use for other control information transaction between nodes. The smaller payload is minimally caused by the delay, the large payload handled buffer in each node.  . Describes the delays in a simulation, where Source sent 1000 packets. From this, the packet deferrals are very dissimilar, unpredictable from 0.01 s to 5 s. Few packets experience high delays due to the distance and delay violation probability. From these simulation results, we can derive the delay bounds with corresponding violation probabilities. UWMACA-W simulated with and without SNC, the deferral rates are5.19% (1000m), 9.88% (1500m),and 13.5% (2000 m), respectively.

CONCLUSION
In this exploration work, we have done simulation work for monitoring the growth of the underwater agriculture forming. For communication purposes, we have presented random access and delay-tolerant MAC protocol (UWMACA-Wireless) to adapt to the ocean environment and avoid collision occurrences. Channel allocation and data transmission occurring with blurring impacts of the acoustic channel utilizing Stochastic Network Calculus. The variation with and without SNC shows the deferral rate between dealy concerning delay violation probability. The control messages can occur between the devices when the propagation delay occurs during the R-C-D-A. Furthermore, message transfers based upon the neighbor's active timeframes limit the issue of concealed and uncovered nodes.