A Study Of Employee Development And Training In Private Industry In India

: Training and development is the field which is concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of Individuals and groups in organizational setting. It is a combined role often called human resources development (HRD) meaning the development of “Human” resources to remain competitive in the marketplace. Training focuses on doing activities today to develop employees for their current jobs and development is preparing employees for future roles and responsibilities. It carry out an analysis that the objective of training and development is to creative learning organizations which ensure that employees through value addition can effectively perform their jobs, gains competitive advantage and seek self-growth: this measurable performance resulting from good training and development, shall enhance organization development. It is a process transferring information and knowledge to employers. It is equipping employers to translate that information and knowledge into practice with a view to enhancing organization effectiveness and productivity, and the quality of a management of people. It should be considered along with education policies and systems which are crucial to the development of human resources.


Introduction
Conventional Each employer who invests seriously in the area of training and development will reap the benefits of an enriched working environment with higher levels of staff retention as well as increased productivity and performance.

Training and Development Goals in an organizational development
The types of training and development goals identified will depend on the personal and organizational objectives identified through the strategic planning process and the agreed appraisal procedure.In any event the goals shall, as a minimum standard, take account of the following.In India, many companies other than multi-nationals are not meeting the employee demands with reference to training and development and ultimately the gaps found in the required skills vis-a-vis attained skills have become so wide that inter-relationships of training and performance are badly disturbed.There is still a big gap between the knowledge and skills imparted and acquired in the institutions and its applications as seen in the industrial environments.Due to this gap, companies now feel that there should be a close liaison between such institutions and the industry so that employee development programs are made more purpose oriented.There are training institutions which offer customized as well as off-the-shelf programs based on their client's business operations but yet, there is much to be improved.Therefore, training and development cannot be disconnected from the business activities of the organizations; on the contrary, this is the area that clearly illustrates positive relationships between training activities and the organizational performance.In particular it is recognised that an effective training and development policy can be a crucial factor in addressing inequalities in employment in relation to race, gender and disabilities.It is recommended that organization produce a training and development plan, the aim of which shall be to empower all employees to carry out their roles to the highest standards, and deliver high quality services to customer.In these guidelines, training and development are broadly defined as those activities aimed at raising the standards of employee practice and thus lifting the quality of the employees, and customers learning and organisation experiences.

Identification of Training and Development Needs Managers
are expected to discuss training and development needs with each of their staff at least annually as part of the Performance Review and Planning process.The training and development needs of staff newly appointed to their positions should be discussed within four weeks of their taking up the position, whether or not they are new to the organization.( 'training' is required to cover essential work-related skills, techniques and knowledge, and much of this taking a positive progressive approach to this sort of traditional training.Training and development guide is oriented chiefly around what'sgood for people, rather than chiefly what's profitable for organizations.The reason for this is that in terms of training, and development, what's good for people is good for the organizations in which they work-what's good for people's development is good for organizational performance, quality, customer satisfaction, effective management and control, and therefore profits too.Organizations which approach training and development from this stand point inevitably foster people who perform well and progress, and importantly, stay around for long enough to become great at what they do, and to help others become so.Training is a very commonly used word, it traditionally 'belongs' to the trainer or the organization, it should be about whole person development-not just transferring skills, the traditional interpretation of training at work.Being realistic, corporate attitudes and expectations about what 'training, and does cannot be changed overnight, and most organizations skill see 'training' as being limited to work skills, classrooms and power point presentations-However, when your start to imagine and think and talk about progressive attitudes to developing people beyond and traditional skills training.The objectivity of training and development and its continued learning process has always been leverage with an organization and now it has become rather an overarching trend of social needs, emphasizing that organizations must inculcate learning culture as a social responsibility.It has been also proved by many studies in the past that there are sound connections between various training and development practices and different measures of organizational performance.

ii) Internal Training and development Sessions The
Training and Development Unit organises training for staff on all campuses sites and can set up specific sessions to meet identified needs for a department or section group of departments, or occupational group.Computing Services also administers an ongoing programme of courses for staff and other organization sections and departments offer training sessions for staff as needs arise.(iii)ExternalTrainingandDevelopmentOrganization sponsored staff attending external courses from time to time the organization may decide to send staff to specific external courses.Depending upon the nature of the course and the time frames, nominations may be sought by the Director Training and Development from appropriate managers.Representation will be decided by the Nominations subcommittee of the Training and development Advisory Committee in accordance with the criteria outlined below.Fees (and approved travel and accommodation where applicable) will generally be met from the centralised training budget.Any other incidental costs are the responsibility of the nominating department or section.Staff members supported from this budget are generally expected to submit a brief report to the Director, TDU, and where appropriate, may be expected to pass on the knowledge and skills gained to a wider group, for example through seminars or workshops.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AND ITS PROCESSIn order to ensure that our employees are equipped with the right kind of skills, knowledge and abilities to perform their assigned tasks, training and development plays its crucial role towards the growth and success of our business.By choosing the right type of training, we ensure that our employees possess the right skills for our business, and the same need to be continuously updated in the follow up of the best and new HR practices.To meet current and future business demands, training and development process has assumed its strategic role and in this regard few studies byStavrou et al.By considering the above attributes that are elicited through T&D, this study illustrates the importance of innovative work behaviors among employees.IWB is defined as the behaviors which are connected with generation and implementation of novel and creative ideas.Innovation is the buzz word in today's business; the organization has to either "Explore or Expire".Training and Development helps employees and organization to have innovative work behavior (IWB).But companies neglects to provide proper T&D where it focuses only on tools and processes, which is insufficient to create innovativeness.Innovative oriented culture can be created through T&D.As suggested by AA Ramli et.al, (2018) T&D has to create innovative work behaviors in the employees.When the organizational (team) structure is organic and employees are goal oriented has a positive impact on IWB.T&D is one of the best practices to develop IWB in the employees.The innovative behavior of employees in an organization is affected by the shortage of technologically skilled employees, Leadership styles (mainly transformational leadership) and knowledge sharing.The determinants of innovative behavior are workplace happiness and coworker support, Motivation, Proactive personality, leadership support and conducive environment for innovation, managerial role expectations, problem solving style, work group relations.Innovative work behavior can be influenced by innovation training, effective learning opportunities and redesigned job roles.Innovation is the one criterion which helps the organization to be different in the market and to have a competitive advantage, meet the consumers' expectations, bear the competitive pressures.Creativity in engineering training helps organizations to create innovativeness in the employees ultimately leads to innovative organizations.Training plays an imperative role in creativity and innovation.accomplishing the Nonroutine cognitive jobs.Non-routine cognitive jobs can be further divided into Analytical and Interactive (or interpersonal); Analytical jobs include data or information analysis, creative thinking, interpretation of information for others, Interactive jobs includes Relationship management (establishing and maintaining relations), Leadership (guiding, directing and motivating subordinates, coaching and developing others).The skills required for carrying out the non-routine cognitive jobs are Abstract reasoning, Systems thinking, Collaboration, and Ability to experiment.Is investment in the area of training and development linked to the bottom line within the business.Increasingly, high performing organizations today are recognizing the need to use best training and development practices to enhance their competitive advantage.Training and development is an essential element of every business if the value and potential of its people is to be harnessed and grown.Many studies have highlighted the clear links between well designed and strategic training and development initiatives and the bottom line within the business.The image of an industry and of individual employers is also influenced by the extent and quality of staff training and development.Potential employees in such an open labour market will assess the track record of prospective employers in this vital area.Career Progression and development is an increasingly attractive or even basic requirement for many such employees.In today's business climate where all industries are experiencing staff and skills shortages, companies are faced with stiff internal and external competition for quality employees.
's (2004)and Apospori, Nikandrou, Brewster and Papalexandris's(2008), have attained much importance as these highlight the T&D practices in cross-national contexts.Apospori et al.(2008)had deduced that there is a considerable impact of training on organizational performance.Differently from these studies, Cunha, Morgado and Brewster (2003) were the only ones who could not determine the impact of training on organizational performance, and suggested that another study on analysis of this relationship was needed.INNOVATION AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR (IWB):competitive advantage and to perform expeditiously.As mentioned above training requirement research is done at three levels; at the task or operational level, the need analysis determines what kind of KSAs is required for the employees to do ones job effectively and efficiently.While doing the job effectively, employees can be trained to do their job innovatively.The tasks can be divided into Routine (manual and cognitive) and Nonroutine (manual and cognitive) tasks.This conceptual study tries to explore the importance of innovative behavior in