Design And Analysis Of Chainless Transmission Electric Bicycle

:- With increasing in an air pollution and scarcity of fuels (petrol and diesel), electric bikes were playing an important role in this new era. E-bikes were eco-friendly and cost effective for transportation. The demand and constantly increasingly of petrol and diesel cost has made engineers to think for new source of energy for transportation. Electric vehicles gave a breakthrough solution to satisfy the needs required but the cost of electric bikes or e-bikes were too high that normal people cannot afford it easily. In order to fill that gap that everyone to afford an electric bike, this project aimed to design an electric bike. In this project, mainly to reduce the manufacturing cost the electric bike is converted the normal bicycle to an electric bike; the project work designed it in the manner it can be propelled through both manual and electric drive called as e-cycle or hybrid bicycle. In addition to this conversion, an attempt has been done to design this hybrid bicycle without chain, i.e.: gear and shaft mechanism for transmitting the power. Own frame has been designed for the e-cycle which can be used for load carrying purpose also. Frame was designed using solid works and with the help of analyses this project came to the conclusion to use AISI 4130 as a frame material for this hybrid cycle.

Abstract:-With increasing in an air pollution and scarcity of fuels (petrol and diesel), electric bikes were playing an important role in this new era.E-bikes were eco-friendly and cost effective for transportation.The demand and constantly increasingly of petrol and diesel cost has made engineers to think for new source of energy for transportation.Electric vehicles gave a breakthrough solution to satisfy the needs required but the cost of electric bikes or e-bikes were too high that normal people cannot afford it easily.In order to fill that gap that everyone to afford an electric bike, this project aimed to design an electric bike.In this project, mainly to reduce the manufacturing cost the electric bike is converted the normal bicycle to an electric bike; the project work designed it in the manner it can be propelled through both manual and electric drive called as e-cycle or hybrid bicycle.In addition to this conversion, an attempt has been done to design this hybrid bicycle without chain, i.e.: gear and shaft mechanism for transmitting the power.Own frame has been designed for the e-cycle which can be used for load carrying purpose also.Frame was designed using solid works and with the help of analyses this project came to the conclusion to use AISI 4130 as a frame material for this hybrid cycle.

I.INTRODUCTION
An Electric Bike or Scooter could also be electric battery operated vehicle that is very economical with low maintenance worth and cipher pollution.electrical a pair of wheelers use the electrical technology of reversible battery that converts the facility into energy.The battery of associate energy unit is charged merely using an influence affiliation.There area unit many accomplishable kinds of electrical motorized bicycles with several technologies gettable, varied in worth and complexity; direct-drive and double-geared motor units area unit every used.associate degree electrical power-assist system is {additionally} additional to nearly any pedal cycle pattern chain drive, belt drive, hub motors or friction drive.the power levels of motors used area unit influenced by gettable legal categories and area unit generally restricted to below 700 watts.
Electric bicycles use reversible batteries, electrical motors and a few sort of management.this could be a straightforward as associate degree electric switch however is a lot of sometimes associate degree electronic pulse breadth modulation management.electrical bicycles developed in European nation within the late Nineteen Eighties for the Tour de Sol star vehicle race came with star charging stations however these were later fastened on roofs and connected therefore on feed into the electrical mains.The bicycles were then charged from the mains, as is common nowadays.Battery systems in use embrace lead-acid, NiCd, NiMH and Li-ion batteries.electrical motorized bicycles are often power-on-demand, wherever the motor is activated by a bar mounted throttle, and/or a pedelec (from pedal electric), conjointly referred to as electrical assist, wherever the electrical motor is regulated by pedalling.These have a detector to discover the pedalling speed, the pedalling force, or both.associate degree electronic controller provides help as a operate of the detector inputs, the vehicle speed and therefore the needed force.Most controllers conjointly give for manual adjustment.

II.MODELLING OF HYBRID CYCLE
Model of an electric bicycle has divided by two sections which are frame design and chainless transmission mechanism.

Frame design
Frame is the base part of every vehicle, so designing of frame is very important in the aspect of safety, comfort, cost effective.

Chainless Transmission
Transmitting power from source to end can be done in many ways such as chain drive, belt drive, gears, etc., So in our design we designed our frame with bevel gear mechanisms.

III.SPEED AND TORQUE CALCULATION
Any vehicle have its own speed based on its given parameters such as motor rating, load, self-weight, etc., and the speed indirectly depends on the torque required to move the vehicle.Thus we calculated the speed and torque of our designed e-cycle considering with some assumptions.

Given
Motor power = 600 watts Speed of the motor = 500 rpm Diameter of the wheel = 622 mm Gear ratio between the motor and the wheel sprocket is 1:1 so the same speed is transferred from motor to wheel.From the above calculation found that, during zero loads or no load the torque produced from the motor will be 11.46 Nm and the speed of the e-cycle is 58.59 Km/hr.

b). With load calculation Given
Motor power = 600 watts Speed of the motor = 500 rpm Diameter of the wheel = 622 mm Gear ratio between the motor and the wheel sprocket is 1:1 so the same speed is transferred from motor to wheel.Thus, from the above calculation we understand that when the load is applied, the torque required is increasing and the speed of the cycle is decreasing.So, speed may reduce depends on increasing of load on the cycle.

IV.ANALYSISOF FRAME a). CAE Analysis of Vehicle/Frame
CAE Analysis on the frame was performed to evaluate the safety offered by the frame to drivers in case of any accident during Frontal Impact, Rear Impact and Side impact and in addition to these vertical bending of frame was analyzed to know the impact.The CAE analysis was done for all materials considered in the frame material option as mentioned in table.no.1 below.We applied the calculated force on the left side member of the frame, by constraint the motion on the right side member of the frame.

Calculation of Impact Force
Total momentum charge was taken 1s  Based on the CAE analysis, stiffness calculation, cost and ease of availability the material AISI 4130 was selected because of its better rigidity under all impacts loads comparing to other materials taken in account.

VII. Conclusion
In this paper, a chainless electrical bicycle has been accomplished with the intermixture of the electrical equations of the motor, the generator, the battery and also the power converters with the physics of the bicycle and also the rider.Moreover, fast, perfect to step inputs and reliable controllers are designed adapting the strategy accustomed the hardware specifications.Then, it's all been deeply tested along to confirm it's behavior and performance once employed in realistic conditions.Obviously, this is often a abstract paper, and every one the conclusions drawn are obtained once simulating the model, that is shut however not reality.To confirm nice performance and to create final changes, a model ought to be designed and tested in real use conditions.

Fig. 5
Fig.5 Designed frame of the E-cycle

Table .
No.2: Bending moment and stiffness for various materials