Public Transport Knowledge Management in Local Communities

The purpose of this research is to construct an application prototype from the study of public transport problems in the local communities of Thailand. There are three main goals for research to be successful: (1) To study problems and situations in which communities are affected by public transport. (2) To design and standardize the management of problems and situations in which the community is affected by public transport. (3) To construct a public transport application prototype for local communities of Thailand. Population and sampling were scoped from the public transport service provider in Phayao Province, Thailand. The prototype was constructed with an Android Mobile Application. The results of the study showed that the developed application prototypes showed a high level of satisfaction (total means is equal to 3.95, S.D. is equal to 0.73) with the design and implementation of the prototype. In the future, the researcher will bring the application to the test and deployment.


Public Transport Knowledge Management in Local Communities
Pratya Nuankaew (1),* , Kanakarn Phanniphong (2) , Patchara Nasa-ngium (3) , Wongpanya Nuankaew (4) (1) School of Information and Communication Technology, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand (2) Faculty of Business Administration and Information Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand (3) Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand (4) The instruments and population used in the research included interviews to study the problems affected by public transport, Android application development tools, and a questionnaire to assess satisfaction with the application. The samples selected to be used in the research were divided into three areas: the 1st area is 9 lecturers in the Business Computer Program, the 2nd area is 17 public transportation service providers in the local community at the University of Phayao, and the 3rd area is 34 application testers.
The expected outcome is a prototype application for supporting and providing public transportation for the local communities in the University of Phayao area. The researcher has high expectations that the application will be a useful tool for the community in the future.
The details of the research presentation are divided into five main sections: the 1st section is explaining the stage of the arts of the research, the 2nd section is summarizing the literature reviews and related research, the 3rd section is the presentation of the research methodology, the 4th section presents the results of the research, and the 5th section is the overview of the research results.

Material and Methods
The research conducted on the number of students in the University of Phayao shows the relevance of the number of students increasing every year (Nuankaew, 2020;Nuankaew et al., 2020;Phanniphong et al., 2018). At the same time, the number of studies, research, and development of technology to be applied for the benefit of the community is not reasonable. However, the Business Computer Program at the School of Information and Communication Technology, the University of Phayao offers students the opportunity to undertake senior programs. It is a project-based education management principle that helps students reach critical issues in the area of the University of Phayao.
The area and scope of the research that the research team has identified are issues related to public transport management. There are three main objectives; the 1st objective is to study problems and situations in which communities are affected by public transport. The 2nd objective is to design and standardize the management of problems and situations in which the community is affected by public transport. Finally, the 3rd objective is to construct a public transport application prototype for local communities of Thailand.
The instruments and population used in the research included interviews to study the problems affected by public transport, Android application development tools, and a questionnaire to assess satisfaction with the application. The samples selected to be used in the research were divided into three areas: the 1st area is 9 lecturers in the Business Computer Program, the 2nd area is 17 public transportation service providers in the local community at the University of Phayao, and the 3rd area is 34 application testers.
The expected outcome is a prototype application for supporting and providing public transportation for the local communities in the University of Phayao area. The researcher has high expectations that the application will be a useful tool for the community in the future.
The details of the research presentation are divided into five main sections: the 1st section is explaining the stage of the arts of the research, the 2nd section is summarizing the literature reviews and related research, the 3rd section is the presentation of the research methodology, the 4th section presents the results of the research, and the 5th section is the overview of the research results.
The research methodology was carried out according to Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) principles by selecting the V-Model quality assurance method as an effective method for software development. The V-Model components consist of 7 key phases: the 1st phase is the define requirements phase, the 2nd phase is the system architecture phase, the 3rd phase is the detailed design phase, the 4th phase is the development phase, the 5th phase is the build and test phase, the 6th phase is the system integration and test phase, and the last phase is the deployment and verification phase (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991).
The importance and relationships of each phase are clearly assessed at every stage, as shown in the Figure 1.

Research Article
Vol.12 No.6 (2021), 2204-2218 The v-model or "Vee-Model" was presented in NASA research as a part of the Software Management and Assurance Program, known as SMAP (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). The v-model principle is an approach that has been developed following the Waterfall model. It uses the concept of an upside-down bipolar assessment for all phases of evaluation, known as V-sharp. The details of the V-Model and its application in research are presented in the following subsections.

Define Requirements Phase
The define requirements phase is aimed to understand user requirements, develop system concepts, and validation schemes (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). This research has hypothesized about the problems that arise in the community. Researchers have discovered that the community needs to bring technology to support solving public transport problems.

System Architecture Phase
The system architecture phase is intended to describe the performance requirements in the system that are required and developed (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). This research studies the problems of the community. The researcher plans to study the problems related to people who are related to the University of Phayao and the community.

Detailed Design Phase
The detailed design phase is aimed at specification into building the document and inspection plans (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). This prototype application has two sub-objectives. The 1st sub-objective is to encourage Business Computer students to develop projects to develop learners' knowledge. The 2nd subobjective is to create technology to provide academic service to the community.

Deployment Phase
The deployment phase focuses on the assembly of code and technology in developing the system for its intended purpose (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). Appropriate technologies for community and public transport in Thailand is now using mobile technology to support. Researchers choose to use Android technology (Calimag et al., 2014;Liang & ZHANG, 2009) to develop application prototype.

Build and Test Phase
The build and test phase are to verify from the document (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). At this stage, the researchers are set in the learning process management in the Business Computer program at the School of Information and Communication Technology, the University of Phayao. This process consists of three phases: the first phase is the proposed research topic, the second phase is the investigation of the progress of the research, and the third phase is to present the research findings.

System Integration and Test Phase
The system integration and test phase are aimed to integrate the system and perform system verification to performance specifications (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). In this section, the researcher coordinated with the public transportation service providers to evaluate the design and implementation of the prototype program.

Deployment and Verification Phase
The deployment and verification phase are intended to find the conclusion and acceptance of the system (Forsberg & Mooz, 1991). In this research, the researchers chose a questionnaire to assess the satisfaction of the developed prototype system.

Results and Discussion
The finding and discussion of the research are followed the research objectives as three main areas: (1) Findings from the current situation, (2) Design results and prototype development, and (3) Results of the prototype satisfaction assessment.

Critical Points of Public Transport in Local Communities
The findings of the research, the researchers discovered that there are many significant issues. A prime example is the inability to properly schedule public transport services due to lack of user and operator information. In addition, the service provider is unable to plan the service for each period of time, while the user does not know how to contact the provider.
The conclusion from the survey revealed that the service provider and the user needed a system that could be matched between the two parties. The researchers have therefore designed a system that can serve both parties, consisting of five systems, which are detailed in the following sections.

Prototype of Public Transport Application
The prototype application has been designed and developed in accordance with the flow chart diagram as shown in Figure 2. It consists of five systems: reservation system, membership system, complaint system, service provider system, and user system. Details and developed prototypes are presented in the following subsections.

Membership System
The interfaces of the membership system are presented in Figure 3 to Figure 6.

Service System
The interfaces of the service system are presented in Figure 7 to Figure 14.

Reservation System
The interfaces of the reservation system are presented in Figure 15 to Figure 16.

Complaint System
The interfaces of the membership system are presented in Figure 17.

Satisfaction toward the Prototype
Respondents consisted of 60 items from 3 groups: 9 instructor, 17 service providers, and 34 application testers. There are four main stages in questionnaire: the 1st stage is about the functional ability of the application. The 2nd stage is about the usability of the application. The 3rd stage is about the performance of the application. Finally, the last stage is about the security of the application. All stages and details of the questionnaire are shown in Table 1. Suitability of data protection Table 1 shows details and related questions. Where analysis results and summaries from respondents are shown in Table 2.  Table 2 shows the results of the analysis of the level of satisfaction with the developed prototype application. From the analysis, the total average is equal to 3.95 (S.D. equal to 0.73). It can be interpreted as having a high level of acceptance. In each of the questions asked, there also was a high level of satisfaction. From all three areas of the research objective, it was discovered that this research was very successful that stakeholders should support in the future.

Conclusions
This research is aimed to construct an application prototype from the study of public transport problems in local communities of Thailand. There are three main goals for research to be successful: (1) To study problems and situations in which communities are affected by public transport. (2) To design and standardize the management of problems and situations in which the community is affected by public transport. (3) To construct a public transport application prototype for local communities of Thailand. The research method was based on the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) principle by selecting the V-Model quality assurance method. The V-Model components consist of 7 key phases: the 1st phase is the define requirements phase, the 2nd phase is the system architecture phase, the 3rd is the detailed design phase, the 4th is the development phase, the 5th phase is the build and test phase, the 6th phase is the system integration and test phase, and the last phase is the deployment and verification phase. Population and sampling were scoped from the public transport service provider in Phayao Province, Thailand. The prototype was constructed with an Android Mobile Application. The results of the study showed that the developed application prototypes showed a high level of satisfaction (total means is equal to 3.95, S.D. is equal to 0.73) with the design and implementation of the prototype. For the future, the researcher will bring the application to the test and deployment.