Application Of Certainty Factor Methods To Diagnose Gastrointestinal Worm Infections In Sumatran Tigers

Gastrointestinal worm infection affects the Sumatran tiger. Due to the lack of tools to diagnose the disease, the Sumatran tigers are very often located in Medan Zoo, North Sumatra, and their handling is very rare.Based on the above problems, we need an application in the form of an expert system by applying the Certainty Factor method which is expected to help in diagnosing Gastrointestinal worm infection in Sumatran tigers. With the existing symptoms, the CF value can be determined to get a diagnosis of Gastrointestinal worm infection. So that it can make it easier for a doctor to treat and diagnose gastrointestinal worm infections in Sumatran tigers.The conclusion obtained from the system, is able to diagnose quickly, precisely and accurately the symptoms of gastrointestinal worm infections and is expected to help the community in diagnosing gastrointestinal worms experienced by Sumatran tigers so that treatment can be carried out immediately. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license Keyword: Gastrointestinal Worm Infections; Expert System;Certainty Factor


Expert System
There are several according to experts regarding expert systems.An expert system is a computer program that has knowledge or knowledge of one or more human expertise in a particular field that shows or shows policies like an expert [5].The ability of an expert to solve system problems is designed to imitate his expertise when answering questions and solving problems in both the field of an important role [6].The term expert system is a branch of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) is very old because this system was developed in 1960.This system can work to adopt human science to computers that connects the knowledge base that can replace an expert to solve anproblem.

Benefits of Expert System
In this technological era, expert systems have become a very popular science, therefore this ability can be useful for ordinary people. Therefore, in broad outline there are several benefits that can be taken by the existence of an expert system, as follows [8] 6. Improve quality power, and provide consistent advice and reduce errors. 7. Gives convenience to an expert.

Weaknesses of Expert System
The weaknesses of the expert system are as follows [13]: 1. Expert system development is very difficult, more difficult than making a software.
2. The value of expert systems is very expensive, the effort to develop, try and deliver to the end user requires high costs.
3. The expert system is not 100% reliable, even though at the time of manufacture it has been consulted with experts that either the expert system is still imperfect or not always correct.

Certainty Factor
The Certainty Factor method is a method that proves whether a fact is certain or uncertain in the form of a metric that is usually used in expert systems. This method is also very suitable for expert systems to diagnose anything that is uncertain. Certainty Factor (CF) is a method proposed by Shortliffe and Buchanan in 1975 to accommodate an expert's inexact reasoning. An expert (eg a doctor) often analyzes information with the phrase "maybe", "most likely", "almost certain". So that the existence of the Certainty Factor method can describe the level of confidence of an expert on the problem at hand [14]. To solve things like this, certainty factors (CF) can be used to describe the level of expert confidence in those faced. There are several certainty factor formulas that are commonly used by experts to calculate the value of a single premise, which are as follows: The formula for getting the confidence level (CF) from a rule, namely: CF

System Design Methods
In system design, a method used in software design is required. The method that researchers use in this preparation is the waterfall algorithm.

Figure 1. WaterfallModel
In this research, a system design method can be done, namely the waterfall algorithm. There are several steps that can be taken in this research, namely as follows: 1. Analysis of Problems and Needs Analysis of problems and needs is the stages from the beginning in system design. At this stage, it will be ascertained where the real problem point or problem is and what elements are needed to solve the problem of diagnosing Gastrointestinal worm infection.
2. System Design In this phase there are several indicators or elements, namely; (1) system modeling with the Unified Modeling Language, (2) modeling using a system flowchart, (3) input design, and (4) output design from an expert system to diagnose gastrointestinal worm infections.
3. System Builders This stage describes the steps for coding the system design that is designed both from the input, process and output systems using the Visual Basic programming language.
4. System Trial This step is the most important step for the development of an expert system. This can be because in this step trial and error is carried out on all aspects of the application both coding. System design and modeling of expert systems to diagnose gastrointestinal worm infections.
5. Implementation or Maintenance. This final step is a step where the use of the application by stakeholders who will use this system. In this study, the end user is a doctor who has the authority to examine gastrointestinal worms.

Flowchart
A flowchart or flow chart is a diagram with graphic symbols representing the flow of an algorithm or process showing the steps symbolized in the form of a box, along with their sequence by connecting each of these steps using arrows [16]. The use of flowcharts functions for a stage and solves a problem in a simple and detailed manner. Flowchart is a work symbol that shows a flowchart that is in process and is connected to one another. Therefore, each flowchart symbol can symbolize a job and provide instructions. Algorithm is an idea or someone's idea to solve a problem that must be put in writing. But algorithms have a very important role, especially for building a program. This can be because each code must have the right algorithm so that it can work as well and get the desired results by using standard image symbols / symbols on computers, namely the image symbols on the flowchart. When using a flowchart symbol (flow chart), a programmer distributes his ideas Application Of Certainty Factor Methods To Diagnose Gastrointestinal Worm Infections In Sumatran Tigers 3105 3105 or ideas listed so that every other programmer can understand them well., A flowchart is a chart that can be used to explain a system flow using certain symbols [17]. As follows are the symbols listed in the flowchart, namely:

Determining Symptoms and Disease Data
An expert system is an information system that contains an expert's knowledge so that it can be used to share knowledge. Expert knowledge possessed by this expert system is used as a basis for answering questions. The success of an expert system is found from the knowledge of the experts or experts who are adopted, and how to manage the knowledge obtained from the interview results into a disease table to make it easier to diagnose Gastrointestinal worm infection in Sumatran tigers. In the table below, you can see the symptoms of Gastroistestinal worm infection in Sumatran tigers.

Determining the Value of CFpar and Value of CFuser
Determine the CFpakar value for each of the following characteristics:

Conclusion
From the results of diagnosing gastrointestinal worm infections in Sumatran tigers using the Certainty Factor method, it can be concluded that: 1. In diagnosing Gastrointestinal worm infection, it must be based on the symptoms experienced by the Sumatran tiger.
2. The application of the Certainty Factor method expert system is implemented in a case study, namely Medan Zoo North Sumatra with expert veterinarians as an information tool for diagnosing diseases in Sumatran tigers, which doctors use is to select symptoms that occur in Sumatran tigers and process by the system so as to get reports of Gastroistestinal worm infections experienced by Sumatran tigers.
3. Based on the research results, the expert system design can be used in the process of diagnosing gastrointestinal worm infections in Sumatran tigers. 4. Expert system application to diagnose Gastointestinal worm infection with the Certainty Factor method is designed into the form of UML modeling which consists of use case diagrams, activity diagrams, class diagrams which are then coded by designing them into Desktop Programming.
5. Based on the research results, the expert system design can be used in the process of diagnosing gastrointestinal worm infections in Sumatran tigers.