PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN STRENGTHENING THE BASE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

The current situation calls for the expansion of higher education facilities. An effort was made to strengthen the open and distance learning system at the university level when the New Education Policy (1986–1992) was implemented. International assistance was focused more on broadening the foundation of elementary education during the 1990s, nevertheless. Since then, a number of funds have been made available to improve the lower levels of education in developing nations like India. The use of qualified human resources is required in all areas of development in the twenty-first century. From a quantitative standpoint, the higher education system in India enrolls about 2% of the 17–23 year old age cohort. To demonstrate our strength in the area of higher education in a knowledge society, we need to double this number. A few factors prevent government-run or -aided organizations from growing quickly. Although limited finances are anticipated to be a significant hurdle, lack of political will to build the foundation of higher education through government initiatives stands in the way. The bureaucratic system also interferes with the higher education system's ability to operate independently. Delays in product delivery, apathy among the staff, and a top-down, directive governance structure all hinder the system's ability to operate efficiently. Particularly in the domain of professional education, the private unaided systems provide a considerable contribution to the expansion of higher education. Lack of a service-oriented strategy coupled with a profit-driven goal contributes to the exploitation of target populations by offering meager incentives for the employability of its products in niche job markets. In order to promote higher education in its truest sense, neither the government nor the private sector can function well.


Introduction
Education providers can be of two typesgovernment and private. Private schools can be run with partial funding from the government (known as aided) or completely self-financed (known as un-aided). Government schools are established and managed by the government. It also gives grants to these schools. When the government has limited resources to provide universal access to education, the help of the private sector is taken. In most economies the private sector operates with the profit motive. But when it comes to education, the private sector is expected to operate on a non-profit basis. Srivastava, P. (2010).
Some experts are of the view that due to lack of regulation some private sector schools are affecting the quality of education. Apart from this, due to high fees, many students are not able to reach them. On the other hand, some believe that due to increased competition in higher education, private sector participation is necessary to increase investment and quality in this sector. Mgaiwa Depending on the contextual conditions, government systems that have rich and qualified human resource potential for teaching and research are either overutilized or underutilized. Even while the private sector has a desirable and lucrative infrastructure of professional programs, it lacks competent and motivated employees and a defined objective for delivering commodities to its stakeholders. In order to fulfill the formal requirements for the awarding of degrees and certificates, they primarily focus on activities that are exam-oriented. The need for recognition and a higher grade at any cost, despite the existence of regulatory authorities, distances higher education from its true purpose in society. Unfortunately, politically and financially powerful groups choose to support these kinds of for-profit businesses while ignoring their responsibility for overseeing the management of the public system since it is more lucrative. In the Knowledge Commission Report from 2006, it was emphasized that higher education institutions must quickly expand while placing appropriate emphasis on the private sector's obligations. In order to improve the system's quality, the public sector must go forward and lead organizations in the private sector that are highly driven. By collaborating with academics and innovators who might be employed in the public sector, the private system must be willing to support high standards in educational procedures. Given that they rely heavily on government benefits and subsidies to fund higher education programs, they must provide material assistance to the government system. It is imperative that business leaders step forward to assist infrastructure development and research initiatives at government-funded research institutes. In order to perform research and development activities aimed at increasing production and satisfying the needs of the outside community, higher education institutions and the businesses must work together. The country's progress toward high-quality higher education will be aided by ongoing networking and communication across various government and non-government institutions. Kumari, J. (2016).

History of higher education in India
The history of education in India is very old. When there was not even a trace of the so-called developed countries of the world, since then we had got the form of esoteric texts like Vedas. All the knowledge and science contained in them have not been revealed even today, that is, education in India is not the gift of foreigners, but India has been very prosperous in the field of education. Doctor. F. W In the words of Thomas (1955) "There is no exotic plant of learning in India, there is no country in the world where the love of learning has originated so early or has exerted such a lasting and powerful influence. Although the seed of education was sown in India in the distant past about 400 years ago.
Visions of its harmonious form are from the beginning of the Vedic period. The basic reason for this was probably the oral form of the then education system, because the development of the Indian script system took place much later and after that the texts were scripted. All the literature prior to this was passed orally to the next generation and continued to prosper.
It is clear from the history of India that the political scenario of India has been of many ups and downs. Which also made its impact on Various private, but non-profit higher educational institutions have been functioning for many years in many countries including America. These include Standford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology etc. Apart from this, there is also a private and for-profit university called University of Phoenix in the US. On the other hand, in the higher education system of Britain, many private institutions are working on non-profit basis.  Government Failure in Higher Education: While the value of public higher education in India cannot be understated, the growing inefficiency of the public education system is a cause for serious worry. While the majority of students enroll in public higher education, most public higher education institutions, particularly colleges, suffer from poor teacher quality, teacher absenteeism, poor infrastructure, out-of-date curricula, a lack of supportive governance systems, and a lack of a conducive research environment. In the literature on economics, the failure of government sector organizations is frequently attributed to an unbalanced incentive structure that promotes slackness in the educational providers' attitudes. This prevents people from coming up

Conclusion
The most recent texts emphasize on the quick expansion of higher education institutions while placing proper focus on the role that the private sector should play in it. However, the public sector needs to step up and show well-motivated private institutions the way in order to improve the system's quality. By including innovators and researchers who might be employed in the public sector, the private system must be willing to support high standards in educational procedures. In order to conduct higher education programs, they rely heavily on government perks and subsidies, so they must provide material assistance to the government system. To encourage research activity and infrastructural support in government-funded higher education institutions, industrialists must step forward. In order to perform research and development activities aimed at enhancing production and meeting the needs of the outside community, higher education institutions and companies must collaborate.
The country's progress toward high-quality higher education will be aided by ongoing networking and communication across various government and non-government institutions.
Along with connecting public institutions with private institutions, quick action needs to be made to connect and collaborate public institutions, such as govt/semi-govt universities, colleges, and research institutions. Instead of fostering competition among institutions of higher education, collaboration and cooperation should be the guiding principles for the development of higher education. Conclusion: In the era of globalization and ICT, there should be more room for sharing material and human resources, academic programs, and learning materials, as well as for offering students a variety of alternative opportunities for higher education, not only at the state/national level but also at the international level.